ELEKTRO
Edisi ke Lima Belas, Nopember 1998 
SAJIAN KHUSUS 

Jaringan C4I : Sumbangannya terhadap Ketahanan Nasional 
 
Overview of  Najor Personal Mobile Satellite Systems1
System name Iridium Globalstar ICO Ellipso Asian Cellular 
System (ACes)
Thuraya
Orbit Type LEO LEO MEO LEO GEO GEO
Operator Iridium LLC 
Washington D.C
Globalstar LP 
San Jose Call
ICO Global 
Communications 
Ltd. London
Mobile 
Communications 
Holding Inc 
Washington D.C
PT Asia Celluler 
Satellite 
Jakarta Indonesia
Thuraya Satellite 
Telecomunications 
Co. Abu Dhabi 
United Arab Emirates
Primary 
Owner(s)
Motorola 
/Satellite 
Communication 
Group (SATcom) 
Chandler, Ariz
Space 
Communications 
Ltd New York City 
Qualcomm inc, 
san Diego, Calif
Immarsat (10,12) 
London and 
many international telecom operators and service providers
As above PT Pasific 
Nusantara Indonesia 
Philipine Long Distance 
Telephone Co. 
Jasmine International Co. Thailand
United Arab Emirate Telecommunication Corp (Etisalat) 
Abu Dhabi 
 
Primary Service Voice, data, fax
Coverage Worldwide . . . Asia Pacific Arab States, Central Asia, India, East Europe
Initial Launch/ 
Start of Service
1997/1998 1998/1999 1998/2000 2000/2000 1999/1999 2000/2000
System cost US $4.4 billion $2.6 billion $4.5 billion $1.1 billion $1 billion $1.2 billion
Satellites aloft 66 48 10 14 1 plus spare 1 plus spare
orbit, km 780 1400 10.355 8040 (equatorial) 
520-7846 (ellipt)
35800 35800
Mobile Terminal cost $2500 $750 
$1000-$2500 
(phone booth)
1000 above celuler handset N.A N.A N.A
AZAirtime Charge per minute2 25% above normal long-distance charges $0.35-$0.55 $1.00-$1.50 $0.50 N.A $0.50
Satellite Lifetime, Years 5-8 7.5 12 5-7 12 15
Handset suppliers Motorola Kyocera Qualcomm Telital, Ericsson Mitsubishi, NEC, Samsung, Ericson, Panasonic L3 
Communications
Ericsson Hughes Network 
Systems
Frequencies, GHz Service: 
1.616-1.6265 
Feeder links 
29.1-29.3 uplink 
19.4-19.6 
downlink 
Crosslinks 
23.18-23.38
Service 
1.610-1.6265 up 
2.4835-2.500 down 
Feederlinks 
5.091-5.250 up 
6.875-7.055 down
Service 
1.985-2.015 
2.170-2.200 
Feeder links 
5.150-5.250 
6.975-7.065
Service : 
1.610-1.62
Service 
1.6265-1.6605 up 
1.525-1.559 down 
Fedeer liks 
6.425-6.725 up 
3.400-3.700 down
N.A
Source: IEEE Spectrum staff
N.A = not available  LEO, MEO, GEO = low/ medium/geosynchronous earth-orbit
1. System characteristics and charges may be adjusted befoore start of services
2. Actual prices to ba subscriber will depend on charges set by the local provider
3. Pending 4 Feb. 1998.

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